Gambling addiction: what causes it?

Experts argue that gambling addiction can be caused by various biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors.

Gambling addiction, also known as pathological gambling, compulsive gambling or gambling disorder, is a disorder in which an individual cannot control their impulse to gamble.

Those affected will often continue to gamble even when it has negative consequences for their wellbeing. Some may run up huge debts, strain their relationships or jeopardise their careers. 

According to the US National Council on Problem Gaming (NCPG), approximately 1 per cent of the adult population in the United States has a severe gambling problem.

What causes gambling addiction?

There are multiple causes of gambling addiction. Experts have grouped them into four categories: biological causes, psychological causes, and socio-cultural causes.

Biological causes include psychological and genetic traits that predispose someone to gambling addictions. The ability to control gambling desires with rational thoughts varies depending on biological factors, making some people more at risk.

Psychological factors can also explain gambling addictions, particularly the question of what motivates individuals to gamble even when it is harmful to their overall wellbeing. Some of these reasons can be that gambling helps reduce stress, relieve boredom, or cope with negative feelings or situations. 

Socio-cultural causes include the ways in which social interactions or society contribute to gambling addictions. The family, for example, is one major influence. Children who see their parents gambling problematically are more likely to engage in the behaviour themselves.

If you or a loved one is suffering from gambling addiction, you can seek help from a professional. The NCPC provides a list of international problem gambling help contacts.